The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

July 2018
An enhanced effective mode area fluorine doped octagonal photonic crystal fiber with extremely low loss
Publication date: July 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 30 Author(s): Sumaiya Kabir, S. M. Abdur Razzak

In our paper an enhanced effective mode area octagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented. This PCF ensures large effective mode area along with ultra-low confinement loss and bending loss. Both the elimination of air-holes from the rings near the core region and inclusion of low index fluorine doped silica rods in an octagonal pattern are the vital design features. We have used full vectorial finite element method (FEM) based software with circularly perfectly matched layer (PML) to simulate the guiding properties of PCF. Our proposed fiber achieves effective mode area of 1110

July 2018
Resolving the multipolar scattering modes of a submicron particle using parametric indirect microscopic imaging
Publication date: July 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 30 Author(s): Kaleem Ullah, Xuefeng Liu, Alex Krasnok, Muhammad Habib, Li Song, Braulio Garcia-Camara

In this work, we show the spatial distribution of the scattered electromagnetic field of dielectric particles by using a new super-resolution method based on polarization modulation. Applying this technique, we were able to resolve the multipolar distribution of a Cu2O particle with a radius of 450

May 2018
The orderly nano array of truncated octahedra Cu2O nanocrystals with the enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity
Publication date: July 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 30 Author(s): Xiaofeng Wei, Jiaqi Pan, Jie Mei, Yingying Zheng, Can Cui, Chaorong Li

The orderly nano array is able to improve the light utilization efficiency and has been thought to be a promising way for advancing photocatalysis. The orderly nano array of truncated octahedra Cu2O nanocrystals have been successfully fabricated by the facile solution-based one-step reduction and self-assembly method. The results of XRD, SEM and TEM indicate that the Cu2O nano array is successfully assembled on the Si substrate. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu2O orderly nano array is investigated under visible light irradiation, and it is demonstrated to be signi

May 2018
Editorial Board
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29

May 2018
Gold nanoparticle plasmon resonance in near-field coupled Au NPs layer/Al film nanostructure: Dependence on metal film thickness
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): Oleg A. Yeshchenko, Viktor V. Kozachenko, Antonina P. Naumenko, Nataliya I. Berezovska, Nataliya V. Kutsevol, Vasyl A. Chumachenko, Michael Haftel, Anatoliy O. Pinchuk

We study the effects of coupling between plasmonic metal nanoparticles and a thin metal film by using light extinction spectroscopy. A planar monolayer of gold nanoparticles located near an aluminum thin film (thicknesses within the range of 0–62

May 2018
Brillouin gain enhancement in nano-scale photonic waveguide
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): Soodabeh Nouri Jouybari

The enhancement of stimulated Brillouin scattering in nano-scale waveguides has a great contribution in the improvement of the photonic devices technology. The key factors in Brillouin gain are the electrostriction force and radiation pressure generated by optical waves in the waveguide. In this article, we have proposed a new scheme of nano-scale waveguide in which the Brillouin gain is considerably improved compared to the previously-reported schemes. The role of radiation pressure in the Brillouin gain was much higher than the role of the electrostriction force. The Brillouin gain strongly depends on the structural parameters of the waveguide and the maximum value of 12127

May 2018
Design and implementation of optical switches based on nonlinear plasmonic ring resonators: Circular, square and octagon
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): Majid Ghadrdan, Mohammad Ali Mansouri-Birjandi

In this paper, all-optical plasmonic switches (AOPS) based on various configurations of circular, square and octagon nonlinear plasmonic ring resonators (NPRR) were proposed and numerically investigated. Each of these configurations consisted of two metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides coupled to each other by a ring resonator (RR). Nonlinear Kerr effect was used to show switching performance of the proposed NPRR. The result showed that the octagon switch structure had lower threshold power and higher transmission ratio than square and circular switch structures. The octagon switch structure had a low threshold power equal to 7.77

May 2018
Non-iridescent structural colors from uniform-sized SiO2 colloids
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): G

May 2018
Optimal configuration of partial Mueller matrix polarimeter for measuring the ellipsometric parameters in the presence of Poisson shot noise and Gaussian noise
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): Naicheng Quan, Chunmin Zhang, Tingkui Mu

We address the optimal configuration of a partial Mueller matrix polarimeter used to determine the ellipsometric parameters in the presence of additive Gaussian noise and signal-dependent shot noise. The numerical results show that, for the PSG/PSA consisting of a variable retarder and a fixed polarizer, the detection process immune to these two types of noise can be optimally composed by 121.2° retardation with a pair of azimuths ±71.34° and a 144.48° retardation with a pair of azimuths ±31.56° for four Mueller matrix elements measurement. Compared with the existing configurations, the configuration presented in this paper can effectively decrease the measurement variance and thus statistically improve the measurement precision of the ellipsometric parameters.

May 2018
Photoluminescence of magnesium-associated color centers in LiF crystals implanted with magnesium ions
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): S.A. Nebogin, N.A. Ivanov, L.I. Bryukvina, N. V.Shipitsin, A. E.Rzhechitskii, V.L. Papernyi

In the present paper, the effect of magnesium nanoparticles implanted in a LiF crystal on the optical properties of color centers is studied. The transmittance spectra and AFM images demonstrate effective formation of the color centers and magnesium nanoparticles in an implanted layer of

Available online 20 April 2018
Hanging colloidal drop: A new photonic crystal synthesis route
Publication date: May 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 29 Author(s): Ion Sandu, Marius Dumitru, Claudiu Teodor Fleaca, Florian Dumitrache

High-quality photonic crystals (hundreds of micrometres in thickness) were grown by the free evaporation of a colloidal drop consisting of silica and polystyrene nanospheres with dimensions of 300

Available online 17 April 2018
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Available online 17 April 2018
Elastic dependence of defect modes in one-dimensional photonic crystals with a cholesteric elastomer slab
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Author(s): Carlos G. Avendano, Daniel Mart

Available online 17 April 2018
Plasmon modes supported by left-handed material slab waveguide with conducting interfaces
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Author(s): Sofyan A. Taya

Theoretical analysis of left-handed material core layer waveguide in the presence of interface free charge layers is presented. The thickness of the interface charge layer can be neglected compared with the incident wavelength. The tangential component of the magnetic field is no longer continuous due to the conducting interfaces. The non-homogeneous boundary conditions are solved and the corresponding dispersion relation is found. The dispersion properties are studied. The proposed structure is found to support even as well as odd plasmon modes. Moreover, the structure shows abnormal dispersion property of decreasing the effective index with the increase of the frequency which means negative group velocity.

Available online 16 April 2018
Titanium nitride nanoparticles as an alternative platform for plasmonic waveguides in the visible and telecommunication wavelength ranges
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Author(s): V.I. Zakomirnyi, I.L. Rasskazov, V.S. Gerasimov, A.E. Ershov, S.P. Polyutov, S.V. Karpov, Hans

Available online 16 April 2018
Optical dynamic range maximization for humidity sensing by controlling growth of zinc oxide nanorods
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Author(s): Haziezol Helmi Mohd Yusof, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Kaharudin Dimyati, Tanujjal Bora, Waleed S. Mohammed, Joydeep Dutta

An experimental study of the dynamic range maximization with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods coated glass substrates for humidity and vapor sensing is reported. Growth time of the nanorods and the length of the coated segments were controlled to study the differences between a reference environmental condition (normal humidity or dry condition) and water vapor concentrations. In order to achieve long dynamic range of detection with respect to nanorods coverage, several substrates with triangular patterns of ZnO nanostructures were fabricated by selective hydrothermal growth over different durations of time (5 h, 10 h and 15 h). It was found that maximum dynamic range for the humidity sensing occurs for the combination parameters of normalized length (Z) of 0.23 and normalized scattering coefficient (

Available online 12 April 2018
State transition control of emitter chain coupled to surface plasmon polariton
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Author(s): M. Bayat, M.J. Karimi, M. Hosseini

In this paper, the behavior of the coupled emitters inside a monochromatic laser field is investigated. The Hamiltonian of the system is obtained using the tensor product of the single emitter Hamiltonian and adding the interaction terms. The population of the states for each emitter is calculated by numerical solving of the time dependent Schrodinger equation. The results show that the transition occurs at a resonance frequency for any values of laser intensity. Also, the resonance frequency depends on the coupling strength of the system. Furthermore, the transition probability increases with increasing the laser intensity at each laser frequency and coupling strength.

Available online 28 March 2018
A novel photonic crystal ring resonator configuration for add/drop filtering
Publication date: Available online 12 April 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Author(s): Juan Zhang, Hao Liu, Yipeng Ding, Yang Wang

A novel compact photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) configuration is proposed to realize high-efficiency waveguided add-drop filtering. Its wavelength selection and dropping-direction exchange functions are demonstrated numerically. The working mechanism of this nested dual-loop resonant cavity structure is analyzed in detail.

February 2018
A low loss semi H-shaped negative refractive index metamaterial at 4.725

February 2018
Editorial Board
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28

February 2018
Tunable wavelength demultiplexer using modified graphene plasmonic split ring resonators for terahertz communication
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Neetu Joshi, Nagendra P. Pathak

This paper presents graphene modified ring resonator based wavelength demultiplexer (WDM) for THz device applications that is, a surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) demultiplexer consisting of two nanostrip waveguides at input as well as output coupled to each other by a split ring resonator (SRR), which is modified in shape as compared to a simple ring-shaped resonator. A systematic analysis of the transmission spectra for the graphene based SRR poses clear insight on the demultiplexing phenomenon of the proposed nanodevice. The results show resonance peaks in the transmission spectrum, having a linear relationship with the chemical potential of graphene. The influence of structural parameters have also been analyzed. The tuning capability of graphene based tunable WDM, lays its foundation in the applications of optical switches, modulators, etc.

February 2018
Single-polarization operation in suspended-core microstructured fibers
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Yuan-Feng Zhu, Depeng Kong, Zhi-Qing Ye, Chun-Fang Rao, Hua Zhong

We present the design and investigation of a single-polarization suspended-core fiber with an elliptical core consisting of crossed rectangular-shaped dielectric strips. By optimizing the fiber configuration parameters, single-polarization single-mode transmission with a bandwidth of 400nm can be obtained. Also, the power fraction in air of the x-polarization fundamental mode is relatively high, which facilitates its applications in high precision sensors.

February 2018
Properties of magnetic photonic crystals in the visible spectral region and their performance limitations
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): V.A. Kotov, V.G. Shavrov, M. Vasiliev, K. Alameh, M. Nur-E-Alam, D.E. Balabanov

We report on the results of computer modelling and performance analysis of the optical and magneto-optical (MO) characteristics of one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals (MPC) of several classic design types (having either a single structure defect, or a number of these), designed for applications in the visible spectral region. The calculations are performed accounting for the real levels of optical absorption achievable in existing MO materials which currently demonstrate the best MO quality (bismuth-substituted ferrite garnets). We consider Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12 as the base material for use within quarter-wave thick MO layers of MPC; silica is used for the non-magnetic transparent quarter-wave layers. The achieved results can be used to clarify the nature of the differences that exist between the expected practical potential of MPCs in integrated photonics, and the actual attained experimental results. Our results show that in MPCs optimized for light intensity modulation applications, in the red spectral region (near 650nm), the achievable levels of optical transmission are limited to about 30%. This coincides spectrally with the peaks of Faraday rotation reaching their maxima at about 25°, with further transmission increases possible in the near-infrared region. Larger Faraday rotation angles are only achievable currently in structures or single film layers with reduced transmission.

February 2018
Study of one-dimensional nanolayered graded photonic crystal consisting of birefringent and dielectric materials
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Rajeev Kumar, Dhananjay Kumar, Angad S. Kushwaha, S.K. Srivastava

In the present paper, we have studied a comparison between dielectric-dielectric photonic crystal (PhC) and birefringent-dielectric PhC structure with, and without, gradation in the thickness of the layers of the proposed structure. Graded birefringent-dielectric PhC has a linear change in the thickness of the layers. With the help of the transfer matrix method, the proposed structures have been extensively investigated. It is found that photonic band gap (PBG) width and omnidirectional reflection band width has been widely enhanced, in graded birefringent-dielectric PhC structure as compared to the non-graded birefringent-dielectric PhC structure, for both TE and TM polarizations. We have also found that the gradation in the thickness of the birefringent layer is more effective, as compare the gradation in the thickness of the dielectric layer, for enhancement of reflection band width. The results obtained are quite good and thus, it may be widely used as broad band optical and omnidirectional reflector.

February 2018
Mid-infrared refractive index sensing using optimized slotted photonic crystal waveguides
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Lazhar Kassa-Baghdouche, Eric Cassan

Slotted photonic crystal waveguides (SPCWs) were designed to act as refractive index sensing devices at mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths around

February 2018
Angle-resolved reflection spectroscopy of high-quality PMMA opal crystal
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Ivan V. Nemtsev, Igor A. Tambasov, Alexander A. Ivanenko, Victor Ya. Zyryanov

PMMA opal crystal was prepared by a simple hybrid method, which includes sedimentation, meniscus formation and evaporation. We investigated three surfaces of this crystal by angle-resolved reflective light spectroscopy and SEM study. The angle-resolved reflective measurements were carried out in the 400–1100nm range. We have determined the high-quality ordered surface of the crystal region. Narrow particle size distribution of the surface has been revealed. The average particle diameter obtained with SEM was nearly 361 nm. The most interesting result was that reflectivity of the surface turned out up to 98% at normal light incidence. Using a fit of dependences of the maximum reflectivity wavelength from an angle based on the Bragg–Snell law, the wavelength of maximum 0° reflectivity, the particle diameter and the fill factor have been determined. For the best surface maximum reflectivity wavelength of a 0° angle was estimated to be 869 nm. The particle diameter and fill factor were calculated as 372nm and 0.8715, respectively. The diameter obtained by fitting is in excellent agreement with the particle diameter obtained with SEM. The reflectivity maximum is assumed to increase significantly when increasing the fill factor. We believe that using our simple approach to manufacture PMMA opal crystals will significantly increase the fabrication of high-quality photonic crystal templates and thin films.

February 2018
Tunable Fano resonance and high-sensitivity sensor with high figure of merit in plasmonic coupled cavities
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Yan Deng, Guangtao Cao, Hui Yang

Actively tunable sharp asymmetric line shape and high-sensitivity sensor with high figure of merit (FOM) are analytically and numerically demonstrated in plasmonic coupled cavities. The Fano resonance, originating from the interference between different light pathways, is realized and effectively tuned in on-chip nanostructure composed of metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide and a pair of cavities. To investigate in detail the Fano line shape, the coupled cavities are taken as a composite cavity, and a dynamic theory is proposed, which agrees well with the numerical simulations. Subsequently, the sensing performances of the plasmonic structure is discussed and its detection sensitivity reaches 1.103

February 2018
Vertically emitting silicon disk resonators with periodic shape modulation
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Andrei Tsarev

It is shown by direct numerical modeling, using the 3D FDTD method, that a disk resonator with a sinusoidal modulation of its boundary has not only a modified frequency spectrum, but also a greater proportion of its optical radiation is directed normal to its surface. Simulations are carried out for a set of disk resonators on a typical silicon-on-insulator structure with a 250-nm silicon core and a disk diameter of about 2.6

February 2018
Investigation of single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with graphene-bubble dielectric DBR
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Baolu Guan, Pengtao Li, Shamsul Arafin, Yazeed Alaskar, Kang L. Wang

An inter-cavty contact single mode 850nm VCSEL was fabricated with a graphene assisted self-assembly curved dielectric bubble Bragg mirror for the first time. Taking the advantage of graphene’s uniform low surface energy, the low cost dielectric bubble DBR (Si3N4/SiO2) was deposited on top of the graphene/half-VCSEL structure via van der Waals Force (vdWF) without using any additional spacing elements and sacrificial layer release-etch process. The continuous-wave operating VCSELs with an aperture diameter of 7

February 2018
Photonic crystal double-coupled cavity waveguides and their application in design of slow-light delay lines
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Mohammad Danaie, Alireza Geravand, Saeed Mohammadi

In this paper the idea of double-coupled cavity waveguides is introduced. The cavities used in this paper support two orthogonal degenerate resonance modes. These cavities are coupled together both horizontally and vertically. The obtained matrix of cavities introduces many interesting properties for design of photonic crystal devices such as phase shifters and gates. As an application, it is shown that the coupled matrix of cavities can be used for design of ultra-compact slow-light photonic crystal optical delay lines. Finite difference time domain method and plane wave expansion method are used to analyze the structures.

February 2018
Inclusion of Indium, with doping in the barriers of InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN quantum wells reveals striking modifications of the emission properties with current for better operation of LEDs
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Anup Gorai, Apu Mistry, Siddhartha Panda, Dipankar Biswas

Although that the continuous tunability of InGaN/GaN QW LEDs, carries the promise of a significant impact in optoelectronics, the reduction of the square of the overlap of electron and hole wave functions (

M_{e h}^{2}

) in InGaN/GaN QW LEDs, under certain conditions, is a sizable problem, difficult to overcome. Theoretical investigations have been carried out on the incorporation of Indium (In) in the GaN barrier layers, with an aim of increasing the overlap of electron and hole wave functions. Rigorous studies through the self consistent solution of Schr

February 2018
Ultra-photo-stable coherent random laser based on liquid waveguide gain channels doped with boehmite nanosheets
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Hua Zhang, Hong Zhang, Chao Yang, Jiangyun Dai, Jiajia Yin, Hongyan Xue, Guoying Feng, Shouhuan Zhou

Construction of ultra-photo-stable coherent random laser based on liquid waveguide gain channels doped with boehmite nanosheets has been demonstrated. An Al plate uniformly coated with boehmite nanosheets was prepared by an alkali-treatment method and used as a scattering surface for the coherent random laser. Microcavity may be formed between these boehmite nanosheets owing to the strong optical feedback induced by the multiple light scattering. Many sharp peaks are observed in the emission spectra, and their laser thresholds are different, which confirms the feedback mechanism is coherent. The linewidth of the main peak at 571.74

February 2018
Silver films over silica microspheres (AgFOSM) as SERS substrates
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): E. Flores-Romero, E. Rodr

February 2018
A simple homogeneous model for regular and irregular metallic wire media samples
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): S.Y. Kosulnikov, M.S. Mirmoosa, C.R. Simovski

To simplify the solution of electromagnetic problems with wire media samples, it is reasonable to treat them as the samples of a homogeneous material without spatial dispersion. The account of spatial dispersion implies additional boundary conditions and makes the solution of boundary problems difficult especially if the sample is not an infinitely extended layer. Moreover, for a novel type of wire media – arrays of randomly tilted wires – a spatially dispersive model has not been developed. Here, we introduce a simplistic heuristic model of wire media samples shaped as bricks. Our model covers WM of both regularly and irregularly stretched wires.

February 2018
Simulation and analysis of plasmonic sensor in NIR with fluoride glass and graphene layer
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Ankit Kumar Pandey, Anuj K. Sharma

A calcium fluoride (CaF2) prism based plasmonic biosensor with graphene layer is proposed in near infrared region (NIR) of operation. The stacking of multilayer graphene is considered with dielectric interlayer sandwiched between two graphene layers. Excellent optical properties of CaF2 glass and enhanced field at the graphene-analyte interface are intended to be exploited for proposed sensor structure in NIR spectral region. Performance parameters in terms of field enhancement at interface and figure of merit (FOM) are analyzed and compared with those of conventional SPR based sensor. It is demonstrated that the same sensor probe can also be used for gas sensing with nearly 3.5–4 times enhancement in FOM, compared with conventional sensor. The results show that CaF2 based SPR sensor provides much better sensitivity than that based on other glasses.

February 2018
Characterizations of an infrared polarization-insensitive metamaterial perfect absorber and its potential in sensing applications
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): Nguyen Thanh Tung, Takuo Tanaka

An increasing interest has been paid for metamaterial perfect absorbers, which offer attractive platforms for electromagnetic radiation based sensing applications. In this paper, we systematically characterize an infrared polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorbers by means of finite integration simulations and spectroscopic experiments. The metamaterial absorber is composed of symmetric disk-type metal-dielectric-metal structure, which shows a near-unity absorption peak at about 70

November 2017
Effects of optical absorption in deep ultraviolet nanowire light-emitting diodes
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 28 Author(s): M. Djavid, D.D. Choudhary, M. Rajan Philip, T.H.Q. Bui, O. Akinnuoye, T.T. Pham, H.P.T. Nguyen

We report our study on the effect of optical absorption in nanowire ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using three-dimensional finite difference time domain simulation. Utilizing nanowire structures can avoid the emission of guided modes inside LED structure and redirect the trapped light into radiated modes. The optical loss due to material absorption can be decreased by reducing light propagation path inside the LED structure, and consequently enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE). Nanowire form factors including size, and density play important roles on the LEE of ultraviolet (UV) nanowire LEDs. In this paper, the nanowire spacing and diameter are considered in simulation to reach maximum LEE. Our results show an unprecedentedly high LEE of

November 2017
Analysis of light propagation in quasiregular and hybrid Rudin–Shapiro one-dimensional photonic crystals with superconducting layers
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): H.A. G

November 2017
All-angle negative refraction flatlens with a broad bandwidth
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): Shuo Li, Fei Meng, Han Lin, Xiaodong Huang, Baohua Jia

All-angle negative refraction (AANR) contributes to a subwavelength imaging with the ability to collect light from all incident angles to generate negative refraction. However, it is challenging to realize a broadband AANR with the conventional photonic crystal (PhC) structures due to the dispersion nature, which makes the refracted light highly sensitive to the incident angle. In this work broadband AANR PhCs are proposed based on the supercircle void or rod design, for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations respectively. By adjusting the filling ratio of the dielectric material, the nearly optimal AANR range is realized. Flat lenses based on the supercircle designs are able to form subwavelength imaging in a frequency range 3 times broader than the state-of-the-art for TE polarization and 1.1 times for TM polarization, respectively.

November 2017
Manipulating the optical properties of dual implanted Au and Zn nanoparticles in sapphire
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): E.N. Epie, D. Scott, W.K. Chu

We have synthesized and manipulated the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) by using a combination of low-energy high-fluence dual implantation and thermal annealing. We demonstrated that by implanting Zn before Au, the resulting absorption peak is enormously blue-shifted by 120nm with respect to that of Au-only implanted samples. This magnitude of optical shift is not characteristic of unalloyed Au and to the best of our knowledge cannot be attributed to NP size change alone. On the other hand, the absorption peak for samples implanted with Au followed by Zn is blue-shifted about 20nm. Additionally, by carefully annealing all implanted samples, both NP size distribution and corresponding optical properties can be further modified in a controlled manner. We attribute these behaviours to nanoalloy formation. This work provides a direct method for synthesizing and manipulating both the plasmonic and structural properties of metallic alloy NP in various transparent dielectrics for diverse applications.

November 2017
The effect of the local field and dipole-dipole interactions on the absorption spectra of noble metals and the plasmon resonance of their nanoparticles
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): I.I. Shaganov, T.S. Perova, K. Berwick

An analysis of the effect of free and bound electrons on the optical properties of noble metals and their nanoparticles is performed, based on the Drude-Lorentz model. It is shown that the shifts in the absorption bands of plasmons localized in spherical nanoparticles with respect to the zero frequency of free electrons in a bulk metal can be estimated using the theory of resonant dipole-dipole interactions. The calculation includes account for differences between the effective and average electromagnetic fields. It is established that the difference in oscillator strength for free electrons in the bulk metal, obtained using the Drude-Lorentz model, and the microscopic oscillators in the corresponding spherical nanoparticle, is due to background polarization. This occurs at the expense of high-frequency excitation of the bound electrons. These results show that interparticle interactions in the noble metals in the quasi-static approximation can be regarded as dipole-dipole interactions of point dipoles with a concentration equal to the concentration of free electrons.

November 2017
Subwavelength gratings for polarization conversion and focusing of laser light
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): Sergey S. Stafeev, Victor V. Kotlyar, Anton G. Nalimov, Maria V. Kotlyar, Liam O’Faolain

We review thin micro-optics components with nanostructured microreliefs intended to control the polarization and phase of laser light. These components include transmission and reflection subwavelength diffraction gratings characterized by spatially

November 2017
Analysis of extraction routes in surface textured thin-film optical emitters with transparent substrates
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): Jin-Young Na, Yoon-Jong Moon, Ji-Hyun Kim, Dukkyu Bae, Sun-Kyung Kim

We propose a systematic strategy that enables analysis of the outcoupling efficiency through each extraction route for two-dimensional (2D) patterned thin-film optical emitters with transparent substrates. Full-vectorial simulations combined with the near-to-far-field transformations are applied to quantitatively analyze the extraction routes of blue-emitting InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on 2D patterned sapphire substrate, from which the main extraction routes are through the top and side surfaces of the substrate. For patterned sapphire substrates, the ratio of top to side emission is calculated for various lattice constants (a) of the pattern; for example, the efficiencies through the top and side routes are nearly equal at a =3000nm. We find that the top extraction of light is dramatically improved by increasing the index contrast in patterned substrates, suggesting high-index-contrast patterned substrates containing hollow cavities. The dramatic enhancement in top emission is verified by measuring the far-field distribution of InGaN/GaN LED devices fabricated on sapphire substrate containing hollow cavities and reference patterned sapphire substrate. The simulation algorithm studied herein will provide valuable design freedom for thin-film optical emitters such as GaN-based LEDs and organic LEDs.

November 2017
Magneto-optical Faraday effect in suspended core micro-structured optical fiber filled with magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles doped composite material
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): D. Jamon, E. Marin, S. Neveu, M.-F. Blanc-Mignon, F. Royer

This paper deals with the study of the magneto-optical Faraday effect of micro-structured optical fibers with suspended cores covered by a silica matrix doped by CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Two different size distributions of nanoparticles originated from two magnetic fluids have been used to dope a sol-gel preparation later introduced in the fiber. Faraday rotation measurements were performed in liquid state, thin film and finally in the fiber in guided configuration. The two different magnetic behaviors of these nanoparticles collections allow us to evidence the Faraday effect of the micro-structured optical fiber.

September 2017
All-optical photonic crystal logic gates using nonlinear directional coupler
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 27 Author(s): Hojjat Sharifi, Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi, Keivan Navi

In this paper, a nonlinear photonic crystal structure consisting of a nonlinear directional coupler and junctions for the design of all-optical logic gates is proposed. A bi-functional photonic crystal structure is initially designed which provides different two XOR or OR logic operations. Thereafter, by applying some modifications in the basic structure, new topologies for all-optical XNOR, NOR and AND logic gates are proposed. Nonlinear rods of the proposed structure are made of silicon nanocrystal to create required phase shift. The finite difference time domain and plane wave expansion methods are used to evaluate the proposed structures. Our simulation results show that the proposed gates can operate with a bit rate of more than 1 Tbits/s and also, inputs and output of the proposed logic gates are homogeneous with the required power of 3W for switching operation.

September 2017
Theoretical designs for novel photonic crystal nanocavities with Si (111) interfaces
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 26 Author(s): Alyssa Prasmusinto, Mo

September 2017
On corrected formula for irradiated graphene quantum conductivity
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 26 Author(s): N.E. Firsova

Graphene membrane irradiated by weak activating periodic electric field in terahertz range is considered. The corrected formula for the graphene quantum conductivity is found. The obtained formula gives complex conjugate results when radiation polarization direction is clockwise or it is opposite clockwise. The found formula allows us to see that the graphene membrane is an oscillating contour. Its eigen frequency coincides with a singularity point of the conductivity and depends on the electrons concentration. So the graphene membrane could be used as an antenna or a transistor and its eigen frequency could be tuned by doping in a large terahertz-infrared frequency range. The obtained formula allows us also to calculate the graphene membrane quantum inductivity and capacitance. The found dependence on electrons concentration is consistent with experiments. The method of the proof is based on study of the time-dependent density matrix. The exact solution of von Neumann equation for density matrix is found for our case in linear approximation on the external field. On this basis the induced current is studied and then the formula for quantum conductivity as a function of external field frequency and temperature is obtained. The method of the proof suggested in this paper could be used to study other problems. The found formula for quantum conductivity can be used to correct the SPPs Dispersion Relation and for the description of radiation process. It would be useful to take the obtained results into account when constructing devices containing graphene membrane nanoantenna. Such project could make it possible to create wireless communications among nanosystems. This would be promising research area of energy harvesting applications.

September 2017
Designing of highly birefringence, dispersion shifted decagonal photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 26 Author(s): Moutusi De, Rahul Kumar Gangwar, Vinod Kumar Singh

In this article we propose a decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) consisting unique cladding without structural complexity having very high birefringent of the order of 10

September 2017
Nonclassical light sources for silicon photonics
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 26 Author(s): Daniele Bajoni, Matteo Galli

Quantum photonics has recently attracted a lot of attention for its disruptive potential in emerging technologies like quantum cryptography, quantum communication and quantum computing. Driven by the impressive development in nanofabrication technologies and nanoscale engineering, silicon photonics has rapidly become the platform of choice for on-chip integration of high performing photonic devices, now extending their functionalities towards quantum-based applications. Focusing on quantum Information Technology (qIT) as a key application area, we review recent progress in integrated silicon-based sources of nonclassical states of light. We assess the state of the art in this growing field and highlight the challenges that need to be overcome to make quantum photonics a reliable and widespread technology.

Tuning light concentration inside plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles during laser irradiation
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 26 Author(s): L.G. Astafyeva, V.K. Pustovalov, W. Fritzsche

Computer modeling was carried out of the intensity distributions of optical (laser) radiation with wavelengths in the range of 180–540nm concentrated inside spherical two-layered core-shell nanoparticles with the core radii in the range 10–30nm and shell thicknesses range 5–40nm during irradiation. Different metals and oxides are used for core and shell materials of nanoparticles. Novel effect of light localizing at the nanoscale inside spherical two-layered core-shell NPs has been established on the base of computer calculations in the frame of the theory of diffraction of electromagnetic radiation on multilayer sphere. Light intensity concentrates in shadow hemisphere of core-shell NPs for the selected values of nanoparticle sizes and radiation wavelengths. These results can be applied in nanophotonics for construction of novel plasmonic devices and photonic components, and for different applications of the core-shell nanoparticles.

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Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie, Allgemeine, angewandte

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